In 2008 China spent a third as much as America did on R&D and about half as much as Europe, after adjusting for differences in the cost of living. By 2014 it had surpassed Europe. By 2020 its spending was 85% of America’s.
The fruits of this investment are becoming apparent: in August a Japanese research institute calculated that China now produces more of the world’s most highly cited academic research than America does. Since 2015 more patents have been issued in China than in America. China’s output of a basket of sophisticated goods including information technology, pharmaceuticals and electronics is expected to surpass America’s this year, according to a report published by the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, an American think-tank. “China has become a serious competitor in the foundational technologies of the 21st century,” concluded another report last year from the Belfer Centre at Harvard University.
From war to an emerging new trend in commerce.
Social commerce, or the act of buying through and after being influenced by social media, is silently growing. Already enormously popular in markets such as China, social commerce remains a small but rapidly growing segment in the United States. In 2021, $37 billion in goods and services were purchased through social-commerce channels.
By 2025, that figure is expected to swell to nearly $80 billion, or 5% of total US e-commerce. Globally, the social-commerce market is expected to grow to more than $2 trillion by 2025.
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